In a small saucepan, combine the water, sugar, star anise, peppercorns, cloves, cinnamon sticks and ginger. Bring to a simmer over moderately high heat, stirring to dissolve the sugar. Boil until reduced by one third and slightly syrupy, about 15 minutes. Let the spice syrup cool, then strain into a glass jar.
Pour the red wine into a 3-quart pitcher. Stir in the orange juice, rum, brandy, Cointreau, club soda and 1/4 cup of the spice syrup; add more syrup if you prefer a sweeter sangria.
Add the diced oranges, lime, apple and pear and refrigerate overnight.
Serve the sangria in tall glasses over ice. Garnish with a tablespoon of the diced fruit.
The sangria can be refrigerated for up to 4 days.